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"/> 萤火虫为何能发光?中国科研团队最新研究揭晓机制_搜狐网

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萤火虫为何能发光?中国科研团队最新研究揭晓机制

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繁星和萤火虫交相辉映(图片来自付新华)。施普林格·自然/供图

论文第一作者兼通讯作者、中国内地第一个从事萤火虫研究的博士、华中农业大学付新华教授接受记者采访介绍说,萤火虫的发光器官是着生在腹部的发光器(lantern),分为球形的幼虫发光器和带状或半圆形的成虫发光器。幼虫发光器在萤火虫成虫阶段消失并被成虫发光器所取代。

一只雄性雷氏萤正在飞行中发光,寻找配偶(图片来自付新华)。施普林格·自然/供图

萤火虫的幼虫发光器发出无规则的闪烁信号,这能协助萤火虫幼虫警戒捕食者;成虫发光器则发出有规律的闪光信号,帮助萤火虫成虫传递求偶信息。多数种类萤火虫雄萤能飞行并发出种特异性的闪光求偶信号。有些种类的萤火虫雄萤甚至能发出同频的闪光信号进行求偶,如中国独有的穹宇萤和马来西亚的一些红树林曲翅萤。不过,人们对萤火虫成虫发光器官的发育机制一直缺乏理解,长期以来也备受关注。

太阳落山后,萤火虫在一条小溪附近发光起舞(图片来自付新华)。施普林格·自然/供图

在本项研究中,付新华带领团队成员朱馨蕾,共同破译了中国独有的珍稀水栖萤火虫水萤属雷氏萤(Aquatica leii)的基因组,并揭示其成虫发光器官的发育和生物发光的遗传学信息。他们发现,在昆虫发育中有完善功能的同源异形框基因家族的成员,也对这个成虫类型的发光器官的形成至关重要。这些基因会首先帮助发光器官在腹部体节准确定位。此外,它们还会调控发光蛋白——萤光素酶的表达,同时调控负责转运萤光素酶的过氧化物酶体转运蛋白,将萤光素酶转运至过氧化物酶体(一种细胞器,发光的场所)。

萤火虫组成的“银河”在草地上方流动(图片来自付新华)。施普林格·自然/供图

付新华总结表示,这项最新研究结果,或增进人们对萤火虫如何调控发光器官的发育及发光的理解。后续,研究团队将继续聚焦于萤火虫发光器的发育及闪光控制机制的研究,希望能揭示萤火虫闪光控制的分子机制。(完)

发布于:北京市